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Australian Health Information Technology: The Australian National Identity Security Strategy – Unknown, Critical and Possibly Flawed!: "Traditional computer security systems begin with a nearly metaphysical design goal of associating a single identifier with a single identity (whether a person’s name or pseudonym). Once the system verifies the identifier, all privileges associated with it become available to whoever possesses that identity. Rather than taking this unitary approach, however, credit-card authorization systems take a composite approach, in which the binding between an identifier (a credit-card number) and the associated privileges (access to credit) is established only after the system has completed statistically based antifraud checks. In other words, you aren’t actually recognized as the card holder simply for presenting the card or even after verification that the card token itself is genuine. You’re recognized as an authorized party only on the basis of traditional security checks combined with statistical verification that you’re likely to be who you say you are."

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